The IVIG is in the process of developing several open-access literature resources which will allow enthusiasts to access a wealth of additional information and literature pertaining to Varanus.

Online Varanid Literature

Unknown. 2001. Transfer of Varanus melinus from Appendix II to Appendix I according to Criteria Ai, Bi, iv, Cii, D of Resolution 9.24.             Annex 1. Proposition 11.43. 11p. PDF

Ali, S.S., E. Stephenson, and W.H. Elliot. 1982. Bile acids. LXVII. The major bile acids of Varanus monitor. Journal of Lipid Research 23:         947-954. PDF

Allison, A. 2006. Reptiles and amphibians of the Trans-Fly region, New Guinea. Pacific Biological Survey Final Report. August 2006. PDF
 

Alvarez, H.G. 2004. Pollination and seed dispersal by lizards: a review. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 77: 569-577. PDF
 

Balsai, M.J. 2005. Review of Varanoid lizards of the world. E. Pianka and D. King. Herp. Review. 36(3): 345-347. PDF

Bayless, M.K. and B. Aller. 2004. Dumeril’s Monitor lizard (Varanus dumerilii). Reptiles 12(3): 42-46. PDF

Bennett, A.F., J.W. Hicks, and A.J. Cullum. 2000. An experimental test of the thermoregulatory hypothesis for the evolution of endothermy.     Evolution 54(5): 1768-1773. PDF

Bennett, D., and L.B. Liat. 1995. A note on the distribution of Varanus dumerilii and V. rudicollis in peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature     Journal 49: 113-116. PDF

Bennett, D. 2002. Diet of Juvenile Varanus niloticus (Sauria: Varanidae) on the Black Volta River in Ghana. Journal of Herpetology 36(1):         116-117. PDF

Blamires, S.J. 2004. Habitat preferences of coastal goannas (Varanus panoptes): Are they exploiters of sea turtle nests at Fog Bay,                     Australia? Copeia 2004(2): 370-377. PDF

Burden, W.D. 1928. Results of the Douglas Burden expedition to the island of Komodo. Observations on the habits and distribution of             Varanus komodoensis. American Museum Novitates 316: 1-10. PDF

Burggren, W. 1982. Ventricular haemodynamics in the monitor lizard Varanus exanthematicus: pulmonary and systemic pressure                     separation. Journal of Experimental Biology 96: 343-354. PDF

Campbell, T.S. 2003. Species profile: Nile Monitors (Varanus niloticus) in Florida. Iguana 10(4): 119-120. PDF

Campbell, T.S. 2005. Eradication of introduced carnivorous lizards from southwest Florida. Final Report to the National Fish and Wildlife         Foundation. 30pp. PDF

Card, W. 2005. A fruit-eating monitor: research and conservation of Gray's monitor lizard in the Philippines. AZA Communique May 2005: 19-21. PDF

Chandi, M. 2006. The use and knowledge of herpetofauna on Little Nicobar Island, India. Conservation and Society 4(1): 155-165. PDF

Ciofi, C.1999. The Komodo dragon. Scientific American. March 1999: 1-9. PDF

Ciofi, C., and T. Jessop. 2004. Tracing the dragon. BBC Wildlife April 2004: 52-58. PDF

Clark, T.D., T. Wang, P.J. Butler, and P.B. Frappell. 2005. Factorial scopes of cardio-metabolic variables remain constant with changes in         body temperature in the varanid lizard, Varanus rosenbergi. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: 992-997. PDF

Clemann, N., K. Long, D. Skurrie, and J. Dzuris. 2005. A trapping survey of small, ground-dwelling vertebrates in the Little Desert National     Park, Victoria. Australian Zoologist 33(1): 119-126. PDF

Doles, M. and W. Card. 1995. Delayed fertilization in the monitor lizard Varanus gouldii. Herpetological Review 26(4): 196. PDF
 

Earley, R.L, O. Attum, and P. Eason. 2003. Varanid combat: perspectives from game theory. Amphibia-Reptilia 23: 469-485. PDF

Elias, J.A., L.D. McBrayer, and S.M. Reilly. 2000. Prey transport kinematics in Tupinambis teguixin and Varanus exanthematicus:                     conservation of feeding behavior in chemosensory-tongued lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 203: 791-801. PDF

Enge, Kevin M., Kenneth L. Krysko, Kraig R. Hankins. 2004. Status of the Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) in southwestern Florida.                 Southeastern Naturalist 3(4): 571-582. PDF

Engle, Kelsey. 2004. Breeding behavior of the Canopy goanna (Varanus keithhornei). Australia Zoo online publication. 11 pp. PDF

Farlow, J. O. and E. R . Pianka. 2000. Body form and trackway pattern in Australian desert monitors (Squamata: Varanidae): Comparing             zoological and ichnological diversity. Palaios 15: 235-247. PDF

Frappell, P., T. Schultz, and K. Christian. 2002. Oxygen transfer during aerobic exercise in a varanid lizard Varanus mertensi is limited by         circulation. J. Exp. Biol. 205: 2725-2736. PDF

Fry, B.G., N. Vidal, J.A. Norman, F.J. Vonk, H. Scheib, S.F.R. Ramjan, S. Kuruppu, K. Fung, S.B. Hedges, M.K. Richardson, W.C. Hodgson,     V. Ignjatovic, R. Summerhayes, and E. Kochva. 2006. Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. Nature 439: 584-588.
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Fuller, S., P. Baverstock, and D. King. 1998. Biogeographic origins of goannas (Varanidae): a molecular perspective. Molecular                         Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(2): 294-307. PDF

Gleeson, T.T., G.S. Mitchell, and A.F. Bennett 1980. Cadiovascular response to graded activity in the lizards Varanus and Iguana.                     American Journal of Physiology 239: R174-179. PDF

Godinez-Alvarez, H. 2004. Pollination and seed dispersal by lizards: a review. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 77: 569-577. PDF

Gould, G.C. and B.J. MacFadden. 2004. Gigantism, dwarfism, and Cope's rule: "Nothing in evolution makes sense without a phylogeny".          Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 285: 219-237. PDF

Heisler, N., P. Neumann, and G.M.O. Maloiy. 1983. The mechanism of intracardiac shunting in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. Journal     of Experimental Biology 105: 15-31. PDF

Hicks, J.W. and A.F. Bennett. 2004. Eat and run: prioritization of oxygen delivery during elevated metabolic rates. Respiratory Physiology     and Neurobiology 144: 215-224. PDF

Hoser, R.T. 1998. Lace monitors (Varanus varius) in the wild and in captivity in Australia, with reference to a collection of seven adults         held in captivity for eight years. Monitor 10(1): 22-36. PDF

Hoser, R. 2003. Incubation of Lace Monitor (Varanus varius) eggs. Herpetofauna 33(1): 26-28. PDF

Ibrahim, A.A. 2002. Activity area, movement patterns, and habitat use of the desert monitor, Varanus griseus, in the Zaranik Protected             Area, north Sinai, Egypt. African Journal of Herpetology 51(1): 35-45. PDF

Jackson, R. The poorly known Rusty monitor Varanus semiremex: history, natural history, captive breeding and husbandry. Herpetofauna     35(1): 15-24.PDF

Jessop, T.S., J. Sumner, H. Rudiharto, D. Purwandana, M.J. Imansyah, and J.A. Phillips. 2004. Distribution, use and selection of nest type         by Komodo Dragons. Biological Conservation 117: 463-470. PDF

Jessop, T.S., D.M. Forsyth, D. Purwandana, J. Imansyah, D. S. Opat, and E. McDonaold-Madden. 2005. Monitoring the ungulate prey of         Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) using faecal counts. ???? PDF

Johansen, K. and W.W. Burggren. 1984. Venous return and cardiac filling in varanid lizards. J. Exp. Biol. 113: 389-399. PDF

Kanpittaya, J., S. Jitpimolmard, S. Tiamkao, and E. Mairiang. 2000. MR findings of eosinphilic Meningoencephalitis attributed to                         Angiostronglyus cantonensis. American Journal of Neuroradiology 21: 1090-1094. PDF

Kenyon, K.A. 1995. Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis): a bibliography. PDF
 

Krebs, U. 1979. Varanus dumerilii- a specialized crab eater? Salamandra 15(3): 146-157. Translated by G. Gardiner and D. Bennett. PDF

Kumazawa, Y., and H. Endo. 2004. Mitochondrial genome of the Komodo dragon: efficient sequencing method with reptile-oriented                  primers and novel gene rearrangements. DNA Research 11: 115-125. PDF

Lenk, P., B. Eidenmueller, H. Staudter, R. Wicker, and M. Wink. 2005. A parthenogenetic Varanus. Amphibia-Reptilia 26: 507-514. PDF

Maeda, N., and W.M. Fitch. 1981. Amino acid sequence of a myoglobin from Lace monitor lizard, Varanus varius, and its evolutionary             implications. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256(9): 4301-4309. PDF

McBrayer, L.D., and S.M. Reilly. 2002. Prey processing in lizards: behavioral variation in sit-and-wait and widely foraging taxa. Canadian         Journal of Zoology 80: 882-892. PDF

McDowell, S.B.  and C.M. Bogert. 1954. The systematic position of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards. Bulletin     of the AMNH 105(1). PDF

Mertens, R. 1950. Notes on some Indo-Australian monitors (Sauria, Varanidae). American Museum Novitates 1456: 1-7. PDF

Meshaka, W.E. 2006. An update on the list of Florida's exotic amphibian and reptile species. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 19: 16-17. PDF

Metzger, K., and A. Herrel. 2006. Utility of skeletal mass as a measure of body size in lizards. Journal of Herpetology 40(3): 381-384. PDF

Millard, R.W., and K. Johansen. 1974. Ventricular outflow dynamics in the lizard, Varanus niloticus: responses to hypoxia, hypercarbia          and diving. Journal of Experimental Biology 60: 871-880. PDF

Modry, D., J.R. Slapeta, Z. Knotek, and B. Koudela. 2001. Caryospora varaniornati sp. n. (Apixcomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the Nile monitor,         Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus species complex. Folia Parasitologica 48: 7-10. PDF

Montgomery, J.M., D.G. Gillespie, P. Sastrawan, T.M. Fredeking, and G.L. Stewart. 2002. Aerobic salivary bacteria in wild and captive             Komodo dragons. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(3): 545-551. PDF

Munns, S.L., L.K. Hartzler, A.F. Bennett, and J.W. Hicks. 2004. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure limits venous return during exercise in         Varanus exanthematicus. Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 4111-4120. PDF

Owerkowicz, T., C.G. Farmer, J.W. Hicks, and E.L. Brainerd. 1999. Contribution of gular pumping to lung ventilation in monitor lizards.             Science 284: 1661-1663. PDF

Panackel, C., G. Cheridan, K. Vijayakumar, and R.N. Sharma. 2006. Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Indian             Journal of Medical Microbiology 24(3): 220-221. PDF

 
Pepin, D. 2000. Review of Monitors: the Biology of Varanid Lizards. D. King and B. Green. Amer. Zool. 40: 156-159. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1968. Notes on the biology of Varanus eremius. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 39-44. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1969. Notes on the biology of Varanus caudolineatus and Varanus gilleni. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 76-82. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1970. Notes on Varanus brevicauda. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 113-116. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1970. Notes on the biology of  Varanus gouldi flavirufus. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 141-144. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1971. Notes on the biology of Varanus tristis. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 180-183. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1982. Observations on the ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria desert. Western Australian Naturalist 15: 37-44. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1994. Comparative ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria desert. Australian Journal of Ecology 19: 395-408. PDF

Pianka, E. R. 1995. Evolution of body size: Varanid lizards as a model system. American Naturalist 146: 398-414. PDF

Reed, R.N., J.M. Morton, and G.E. Desy. 2000. Use of monofilament snare traps for capture of varanid lizards. Micronesica 33(1/2): 99-104. PDF

Reyes, M.A.P., D. Bennett, and C. Oliveros. 2005. The monitor lizards of Camiguin Island, northern Philippines. ???? PDF

Reid, D.E,and W.D. Burden. 1927. Results of the Douglas Burden expedition to the Island of Komodo. American Museum Novitates 286:         1-10. PDF

Rieppel, O. 2000. The braincases of mosasaurs and Varanus, and the relationships of snakes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society         129: 489-514. PDF

Rome, L.W. 1982. Energetic cost of running with different muscle temperatures in Savannah monitor lizards. J. Exp. Biol. 99: 269-277. PDF

Seebacher, F., and R. Shine. 2004. Evaluating thermoregulation in reptiles: the fallacy of the inappropriately applied method. Physiological     and Biochemical Zoology 77(4): 688-695. PDF

Shine, R. 1986. Food habits, habitats and reproductive biology of four sympatric species of varanid lizards in tropical Australia.                         Herpetologica 42:346-360. PDF

Shine, R., P. Harlow, Ambariyanto, Boeadi, Mumpuni, and J.S. Keogh. 1998. Monitoring monitors: a biological perspective on the                     commercial harvesting of Indonesian reptiles. Mertensiella 9: 61-68. PDF

 
Shine, R., Ambariyanto, P. Harlow, and Mumpuni. 1998. Ecological traits of commercially harvested water monitors, Varanus salvator, in         northern Sumatra. Wildlife Research 25:437-447. PDF

Spennemann, D.H.R. Distribution of rat species (Rattus spp.) on the atolls of the Marshall Islands: past and present dispersal. Atoll                 Research Bulletin 446: 23pp. PDF

Swan, G., and R. Foster. 2005. The reptiles and amphibians of Mutawintji National Park, western New South Wales. Australian Zoologist         33(1): 39-48. PDF

Sweet, S. S. and E. R. Pianka. 2003. The lizard kings. Natural History 112(9): 40-45. PDF

Thompson, G. G. and E. R. Pianka. 2001. Allometry of Clutch and Neonate Sizes in Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus). Copeia 2001:             443-458. PDF

Vidal, N., and S.B. Hedges. 2004. Molecular evidence for a terrestrial origin of snakes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 271: S226-S229. PDF

Walpole, M.J. 2001. Feeding dragons in Komodo National Park: a tourism tool with conservation complications. Animal Conservation 4:         67-73. PDF

Wang, T. aand J.W. Hicks. 2004. Why savannah monitor lizards hyperventilate during activity: a comparison of model predictions and             experimental data. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 141: 261-271. PDF

Waterloo, B. and M.K. Bayless. 2006. Notes on the breeding behaviour of the Crocodile monitor (Varanus salvadorii) in captivity.                     Herpetological Bulletin 98: 2-6. PDF

Watts, P.C., K.R. Buley, S. Sanderson, W. Boardman, C. Ciofi, and R. Gibson. 2006. Parthenogenesis in Komodo dragons. Nature 444:             1021-1022. PDF

Xiao, L., U.M. Ryan, T.K. Graczyk, J. LImor, L. Li, M. Kombert, R. Junge, I.M. Sulaiman, L. Zhou, M.J. Arrowood, B. Koudela, D. Modry,         and A.A. Lal. 2004. Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in captive reptiles. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2004:         891-899. PDF